The rumor’s of Web 2.0’s death are greatly exaggerated… April 1, 2009
Posted by lighthousewoman in Uncategorized.Tags: collaboration, Gov 2.0, HKS, Web 2.0
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Interesting…..
I’m new to this whole Web 2.0 world. So it’s funny to me that just as I’m getting my head around these new concepts, they’re simultaneously being declared redundant.
I’m no tech-head, so parts of Tim O’Reilly’s 2005 seminal essay are beyond me. But I get the main concepts – and it makes good sense to me. I can see the argument that we’re currently experiencing a second generation of web design and use, post the dot-com-bubble-burst, that makes collaboration and information central to the online experience. I can see that this is a change from our previous experience of the web – we no longer visit a webpage as a destination, so much as a portal or a tool to interact, think, share, understand, research or invent. I get that.
(Actually – as an aside – I found Brandon Schauer’s comments and diagram on the “Crucial DNA of Web 2.0″ a particularly helpful introduction. It includes a visual representation of ‘foundation’ and ‘experience’ attributes of Web 2.0 vs well known examples including Wikipedia, BitTorrent and Flickr).
But I’ve arrived too late… post mortem, in fact. Robin Wauters at TechCrunch has already issued a death certificate for Web 2.0 – time of death February 2009.
According to Wauters, an analysis on Google Trends shows that ‘Web 2.0′ is becoming an increasingly ‘void (and avoided) term’. That and the fact that more people are searching the term in Russian than in English.
What we don’t learn from Wauters is why this might be, so I have been looking elsewhere for an explanation. According to Tim Berners-Lee, Web 2.0 was dead-on-arrival… Or, more correctly, the originator of the web has argued that there is nothing new in the concept of Web 2.0, and that it is just a piece of jargon to describe attributes of the www that were there all along.
Far be it from me to argue with the daddy of the internet, but I disagree.
The potential for social networking, blogging, open source collaboration and wikis may have been there all along, but the intentional engagement of these tools as a platform for new kinds of interaction is more recent. And, although we’re becoming more familiar with examples in the private sector of companies successfully engaging and adopting Web 2.0 practices and principles, I believe there is still much rich material to be mined behind to the Web 2.0 idea for companies, individuals, organizations and governments.
And there are serious boundaries still to be tested and pushed. In a series of essays written in March 2008, first monday started to investigate some of these boundaries, by identifying some critical perspectives on Web 2.0. What if, as Michael Zimmer asks, there are unintended consequences of Web 2.0 interactions that go unchecked – like the increased flow of personal information, the diffusion of online identities and relationships, peer surveillance, the exploitation of free labor for commercial gain, or the increased corporatization of social networking.
These are all interesting challenges, that I think need more exploration – especially in under-developed areas like government applications of Web 2.0 principles.
Which is why a group of fellow students at the Harvard Kennedy School (and myself) have started a new initiative to explore exactly these questions, and help define the field of Gov2.0. Follow us at: http://wethegoverati.com/!
Be a part of the GROUNDSWELL March 12, 2009
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I’ve just started reading “Groundswell” by Charlene Li and Josh Bernoff of Forrester Research. The introductory chapters are really just simple survey of some of the main online ‘technologies’ the authors argue are disrupting institutional power (blogs, social networking sites, wikis etc). This is not really new material, but it is presented in a clear and concise way, which can help you map out in your mind the main features, advantages and disadvantages associated with these ‘new’ forms of communication and interaction.
Although not central to the main ideas that will be developed in the book’s later chapters, one specific point of interest jumped out at me as I read the opening chapters. Now that I am becoming a little bit more familiar with some of the key ideas and avenues for online communication and interaction, I’m finding I’m more and more interested and inspired by little ideas that jump out as I discover new sites and opportunities…
First, a brief survey of social networking in Chapter 2 mentions a French site called Peuplade (www.peuplade.fr). Here’s how it is described in the book:
“In Paris there’s even a social network called Peuplade whole sole purpose is to connect people with others in their own neighbourhood – amazingly, people use this social network to make friends and hang out with folks who live right around the corner.”
I guess that is amazing – but I don’t find it surprising. In fact, I think it’s a FANTASTIC idea. Thinking about the inner city suburb I live in at home in Sydney, I know I’ve often wondered how you might bring people together in a local area about common issues of interest or concern – especially when you don’t even know the people that live around you! I lived in my inner city suburb for over 2 years, and in the area for many more, and would claim to be familiar with the local area. But I certainly didn’t know the people who lived right next door! I don’t think this is uncommon – and perhaps, in some ways, it’s a direct consequence of the increasingly atomized, individualized lifestyles we’re leading online and off. I would guess that the people in my suburb would be demographically similar to me in may ways – and on the whole would have very similar political leanings. Certainly, if we came together as a community, we would have common interests in the safety, amenity and enjoyment of our local area.
But how would I get to know these people, who are so like me, and live so close by? Would I put some posters up on the telegraph poles in the neighbourhood? Who reads those? And of the people that DO read them, only the crazy ones actually turn up to meetings advertised on them. Would I just go up to people on the street as the pass by and introduce myself? Only if I want to be either a) smacked in the face, b) spat at or c) stared at as though I were a loon. No no no…. I should reach them in the comfort and safety of their own home, on their own terms, and in a way that suits them – online!
Seriously, I’m really keen to try this at home. What a brilliant way to bring people together at a local level to start building social capital. Now, if only I could figure out how to build a site like that and make it work…
Dear Google – PLEASE don’t be evil….. March 9, 2009
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Perhaps if we ask really nicely…….
Reading John Battelle’s excellent book The Search tracking the rise and rise of Google is a thrilling read. The energy and ingenuity of Google’s founders are palpable as the story unfolds – it’s enough to inspire me to run off and birth my own start-up……
Learning Google’s story has certainly opened my eyes to the enormous power inherent in search, and in the company that owns it. As Battelle illustrates, Google’s power has been generated by the seismic shift the corporation has engendered by Net’s orientation away from content, toward intent. Take for instance the tale of Mr Moncrief, the shoe salesman, whose online business was brought to its knees overnight when Google adjusted its search algorithm, sending Moncrief’s business listing plummeting hundreds of places down the search results page. This is one of many tales throughout Battelle’s book that show us the huge power Google now wields as the go-to search provider.
Which brings me to one of the hottest questions in the bloggosphere right now – is google using its powers for good or (dun dun daaaaaaa)… is google evil?
There are certainly plenty of skeptics out there. One of the biggest issues of concern is privacy. What, some bloggers ask, is stopping Google from amassing unprecedented stores of private information about its users, and perhaps ultimately using this information for commercial gain? Some have even put this question directly to Google. And Google has been straight up in response:
Charlie Rose:
This is a broader philosophical question I want to talk about later. But I mean is there some point in which we know too much about people?Marissa Mayer:
Well I think that in all cases it’s a tradeoff, right, where you will give you some of your privacy in order to gain some functionality, and so we really need to make those tradeoffs really clear to people, what information are we using and what’s the benefit to them? And then ultimately leave it to user choice so the user can decide. And you have to be very transparent about what information you have about that user and how it’s being used.
The Noisy Channel has a really great recent post that outlines the arguments for and against the proposition ‘does Google violate its “Don’t be Evil” motto?’, ( as argued in a recent Intelligence Squared debate hosted by the Rosencranz Foundation) by Harry Lewis, Randal Picker and Siva Vaidhaynathan (yes it is) vs Esther Dyson, Jim Harper and Jeff Jarvis (no it’s not). (By the way – thank goodness for Esther representing the ladies. Since it was International Women’s Day this week, I couldn’t help but notice the abundance of middle aged blokes out there spruiking books about how amazing the internet is at the moment…)
Anyway – two things I found particularly interesting about this debate. First – Jeff Jarvis’ position (as summarized by The Noisy Channel – I admit I haven’t actually listened to the debate yet…) Jarvis, currently on a book tour with his new opus “What Would Google Do?” argues (according to The Noisy Channel) that:
[Google's] very aspiration to not be evil is evidence in its favor. If Google is evil, then the standard it too high and we are all evil.
Jarvis seems to be a straight up Google uber-fan. For example, one of his recent posts on Buzzmachine suggests Google could – if left to its own devices – generate a solution to the world’s energy and climate crisis. Contrasting Google’s approach to the energy challenge to Al Gore’s tax-and-regulate approach to polluters, Jarvis argues Google’s strategy holds far more promise: ‘Create and manage abundance rather than control scarcity – as ever, that is the Google world view.’
Interesting. So not only is Google not evil, Google will actually save the world.
The second point of interest in the ‘is Google evil’ debate for me was the fact that Jarvis was accompanied on the pro-Google team by Jim Harper – Director of Information Policy Studies at the Cato Institute, whose company motto is ‘Individual Liberty, Free Markets and Peace.’ I think this is an interesting reflection of the politics of the bloggosphere – where the prevalent view of good government regulation for internet service providers is no regulation. It doesn’t seem coincidental to me that the strongest advocates for the Google-will-save-the-world view are free market libertarians and their friends.
To me, the question of whether Google is evil is misguided. It shouldn’t be relevant. Google is a private company, which may have many driving motivations – but one of the strongest is (and will always be) profits. It shouldn’t be up to Google to decide how to behave as one of the world most powerful information-based corporations. As a private company, Google has a legitimate objective of profiting from its energetic, ingenious and innovative work. It may also aim not to do harm in this pursuit of profits – this is an admirable goal – but it’s not reasonable to expect Google to sacrifice profits for the greater good.
So I ask again – why are we so afraid of government regulation online?
My Ads are addictive March 6, 2009
Posted by lighthousewoman in Uncategorized.Tags: advertising, facebook, google, my ads
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I ran my first Facebook ad last week………….. and very quickly I developed a serious problem.
I couldn’t stop clicking on my stats page.
I was completely obsessed….. I wanted to know who was clicking (and seriously, WHY??)…. I was fascinated – and pretty alarmed – to discover that I can track the actual page from which someone clicked my ad. Talk about cyber-stalking, this seemed to me like almost too much information. But it didn’t stop me… I felt like a super sleuth, and soon I was contemplating running a series of ads – changing one factor at time – maybe a word, maybe the time of the week, maybe the picture… in an effort to ulimately discover the secret of the World’s Most Successful My Ads Campaign Ever.
I suspect I have a long way to go. I’m not sure what good stats look like, but I’m pretty sure these are not it:
| Name | Status | Max Bid ($) | Type | Imp. | Clicks | CTR (%) | Avg. CPC ($) | Avg. CPM ($) | Spent ($) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Light House Woman Blog |
Completed | 0.54 | CPC | 68,548 | 15 | 0.02 | 0.50 | 0.11 | 7.46 |
| Totals | 68,548 | 15 | 0.02 | 0.50 | 0.11 | 7.46 |
But not to worry – I’ve also discovered there’s a virtual universe of assistance out there to help me improve my advertising skills (and hand over more of my hard-earned cash). There’s a whole community online willing to offer their assistance – free or otherwise – to those of us trying to cure our addictions by achieving world domination through Facebook advertising. Here’s a page I found particularly helpful….NOW I know not to get into a bidding war over keywords… Bit late now…
I’ve also discovered that the online advertising community is divided into two camps – those who believe My Ads works, and those who don’t. According to the nay-sayers, Facebook so engaging that visitors to the site are far less likely to click on an ad than if they were browsing or googling elsewhere. So perhaps my pathetic stats are less to do with my serious deficiencies as an ad guru and more to do with an inherent problem in the My Ads model.
But it seems to me that F’book ads can uniquely target self-selecting demographic groups in a way even Google can’t replicate. That being the case, I admit I’ve never clicked on a Facebook in the 4 or so years of my Crackbook life… I have, however, started paying more attention to what pops up on when I’m on the site, and would like to share some outrage with the other engaged ladies out there who are being targeted with weightloss ads. At no stage have I ever checked a box on a profile questionaire that says ‘fat’. (Nevermind the fact that I’m currently eating a bag of popcorn for dinner – and that I just ate a piece off the floor…)
According to fellow My Ads Addicts, Facebook will soon up the ante. The solution to My Ads low CPM ratio is nigh – by targeting ads to Facebook members on partner sites through a combination of My Ads and Facebook connect will create a social ad network…….. JUST what I need. Now for the next $7 experiment….
So here’s what I’m wondering… February 25, 2009
Posted by lighthousewoman in Uncategorized.Tags: Battelle, database of intentions, google, search
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Whoa.
The database of intentions is a wild place! Here’s a snippet of John Battelle’s vision of the future (or maybe it’s the present?):
The aggregate results of every search ever entered, every result list ever tendered, and every path taken as a result. It lives in many places, but three or four places in particular hold a massive amount of this data (ie MSN, Google, and Yahoo). This information represents, in aggregate form, a place holder for the intentions of humankind – a massive database of desires, needs, wants, and likes that can be discovered, supoenaed, archived, tracked, and exploited to all sorts of ends.
Amazing. And the implications are mind-blowing – for marketing, media, technology, pop culture, international law and civil liberties. Battelle reckons that ‘nearly any question one might frame can be answered in one way or another by mining the implacable Database of Intentions that is building second by second across the Internet…’
Battelle’s excellent book, The Search: How Google and Its Rivals Rewrote the Rules of Business and Transformed our Culture – explains the context and history of ‘search’, and discusses some of its potential power…. Power that could be used for good OR evil. Battelle describes the complex moral and ethical position Google (as the holder of so much valuable information) as a place of ‘nearly paralysing social responsibility.’ Just consider these scenarios for a second:
Etched into the silicon of Google’s more than 150,000 servers, more likely than not, are the agonize clickstreams of a gay man with AIDS, the silent intentions of a would-be bomb maker, the digital bread crumbs of a serial killer. Through companies like Google and the results they serve, and individual’s digital identity is immortalized and can be retrieved upon demand. For now, Google cofounder Sergey Brin has assured me, such demands are neither made nor met. But in the face of such power, how long can that stand?
Battelle goes on to wonder – will Google eventually buckle, and start using its tremendous power for evil? And what about Google users – how long will they trust Google with all this information – might they start to withdraw from the online world in fear of their doppleganger lives?
So here’s what I’m wondering – why should this be a question of trust? What should this have to do with social responsibility, and ‘good behaviour’ by a multi-billion dollar private company?
Why shouldn’t we, as a society, make some intentional decisions – here and now – about what we will and won’t tolerate – in terms of the power Google and other companies can amass, the profit they can turn, and the use they can make of our private information? Why shouldn’t these decisions be enacted on our behalf, by our democratically elected representatives, in order to protect us from the worst case scenarios, and open up the greatest possibilities of the www?
It’s certain Google is acting with intention – making big plans about the future of search and the company. For evidence, check out ‘From the Height of This Place’ – a President’s Day manifesto written by Google’s Jonanthan Rosenberg. It’s a hopeful and pretty inspiring document – it asks, for example, what might Google do in the future to provide access to information (and power) to the powerless? It concludes – in part at least – that ‘where data is abundant, intelligence will win.’
Why should Google be the only player in this picture making plans?
One thing’s for sure – there will be winners and losers. But why should we let the market decide? The Net is lauded for being a place of spontaneity, organic organization and self-regulating liberty. But what if it’s best potential can’t be reached unless we act with intention, plan with deliberateness, and make decisions as a society about what is allowed and not allowed in this parallel universe. Surely this is a role for government? More to come soon…
What CAN’T the net do? February 18, 2009
Posted by lighthousewoman in Uncategorized.Tags: blogging, citizen reporting, Gillmor, new media, power
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The notion of a ‘self organizing news room’ is an intriguing concept.
As I discussed in my last blog post, Dan Gillmor sees so much possibility in the brave new world of citizen reporting and online journalism. When the former audience joins the party, Gillmor reckons the benefits that come with a plethora of new voices, new means of civic engagement and the multiplier effect of mass access far outweigh the costs.
There is no question that there is a universe of unexplored opportunity inherent in the net’s ability to link individuals, groups and communities together in low-cost, accessible and interactive ways. Of particular interest to Gillmor is the potential for multilateral discussion and dialogue embedded in the blogosphere, through the use of ‘many-to-many’ communication modes. For Gillmor, the potential here is for new voices to be heard on behalf of people and places unexplored by (or inaccessible to) the old media, for personal narratives – in words, pictures and video – to bring alive old-fashioned, formal descriptions, and for news to be collected, dispersed, discussed, analyzed and responded to in real time, bringing new depth, layers and texture to one-dimensional newpaper-style coverage.
It’s not difficult to find evidence of Gillmor’s optimistic claims. Santa Barbara Middle School Teen Press exemplifies the Net’s potential as a platform for youth – a demographic not traditionally heard in its own voice in the ‘old’ media. David Ardia at IdeaLab speculates that citizen media can help ensure fair elections, by documenting the problems voters experience ‘in a more compelling and concrete way than mere textual descriptions provide.’ YouTube’s Project Report aims to ‘help aspiring journalists tell stories that might not otherwise be covered by traditional media.’ (See JD Lasica’s social media roundup for further coverage of all these innovations and many, many more).
It’s not all sunshine and roses – Gillmor recognizes that the blogosphere and the world of online reporting do present some unique challenges to the third integrity of the Fourth Estate and democracy in general. ‘The Net is overturning so many of the things we’ve assumed about the media and business models,’ he muses, ‘that we can scarcely keep up with the changes.’
He worries, for example, that without a comprehensive reputation-rating system, the anonymity and lack of editorial intervention associated with online citizen reporting/blogging might undermine established standards of credibility and authority. ‘Outdated’ legal frameworks are also a cause for concern according to Gillmor, who is particularly concerned that defamation suits should not be used as a means to silence citizen reporters. But ultimately, Gillmor is ‘confident that the community can sort it all out.’ It’ll be messy, he warns, but in the end, the inherently democratic nature of the Net will sort it all out.
Several years after ‘We the Media’ was written, this issue is still a source of vigorous discussion online. For example, Bill Ives draws our attention to recent Deloitte survey on the state of the media, a report that concludes ‘[w]e’re living in a media democracy, where no single form of media dominates the attention of Americans.’ In late 2008 the Huffington Post hosted an online debate by the Yale Political Union, about whether blogs are good for democracy. Much of this debate echoes the themes Gillmor raises – on the one hand, the Net empowers individuals to tell their own stories, reach a wide audience and interact in ways that are unencumbered by the limitations of physical interaction. On the other hand, as Kate Maltby argues, ‘the deeply personal nature of blogs, in combination with the echo chamber effect, has fuelled the rise of single-issue campaigning’ which is detrimental to democracy.
These are all interesting view points, but I’m not sure that they really add to the debate. To me, what all of these analyses lack is a real interrogation of what the Net CAN’T do for us – or at least, what it’s not presently doing. Yes, the net empowers countless individuals and organizations by providing them ready access to a direct line of communication to thousands of others in a highly personalized way. But, in its multiplicity of highly individualized, personalized and de-professionalized conversations, the net does NOT provide a common and authoritative source of news. What does this mean for media and for democracy? The net provides for an organic approach to news – stories are planted, germinate and grow as the online community attends and nurtures them – but what does this mean for intentionality? What do we do about the stories and voices we know are not represented online? These are some of the questions Gillmor has prompted, but certainly not answered, in “We The Media”.
PS. In my last blog post, I asked whether the ‘old media’ old media would survive the shift that is underway, since there is still a real lack of understanding about business models that can support the proliferation of online access. The Bivings Report on the use of the internet by America’s largest newspapers provides some interesting data to shed light on the emerging crisis in ‘old media.’ Released in December 2008, some key findings include:
* Newspapers are experimenting with user generated content. The study found that 58 percent of newspapers allowed for user generated photos, while 18 percent accepted video and 15 percent articles. Overall, 58 percent of newspapers offered some form of user generated content in 2008 compared to 24 percent in 2007.
* Research shows that the number of newspaper websites allowing users to comment on articles has more than doubled in the last year. Seventy five percent of newspapers now accept article comments in some form, compared to 33 percent in 2007.
* Ten percent of newspapers had social networking tools, such as user profiles and the ability to “friend” other users, built into their sites in 2008. This compares to five percent of sites that included this feature in 2007. It is surprising that this number isn’t higher.
* Seventy six percent of newspapers offered a Most Popular view of content in some form (Most Emailed, Most Blogged, Most Commented, etc.). This compares to 51 percent in 2007 and 33 percent in 2006.
* Integration with external social bookmarking sites like Digg and del.icio.us has increased dramatically the last few years. Ninety-two percent of newspapers now include this option compared to only seven percent in 2006.
* Every newspaper the study examined featured some sort of online advertising. Indeed, 100% of newspapers provided some form of contextual advertising, such as Google Adwords. Forty-three percent of newspaper websites used interstitial advertising.
* Of the new features examined in this year’s study, we found that 57 percent of newspapers offer PDF editions, 20 percent offer chatting options, 96 percent provide local weather information, 40 percent utilize SMS alerts and 70 percent offer community event calendars.
* The number of websites requiring registration to view most content (free or paid) has decreased from 2007. Now only 11 percent of websites require registration to view full articles, compared to 29 percent in 2007 and 23 in 2006.
* All of the 100 newspapers in the study provide some type of RSS feed. In 2007 all but three newspapers offered RSS feeds.
Can “we” really be the media? February 4, 2009
Posted by lighthousewoman in Uncategorized.Tags: blogging, blogs, Gillmor, new media
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Dan Gillmor wants us doing it for ourselves – but is this really a feasible notion?
In We the Media Dan Gillmor takes a starry-eyed view of the potential for the net to revolutionize politics, government and journalism. Often he makes a convincing case in favor of innovative uses of the web in traditional areas of policy, politics and media – and for moving away from a ‘one-to-many’ model of communication to a decentralized, ‘many-to-many’ model of active participation and online dialogue. But for all the important opportunities he identifies, Gillmor either explicitly raises or implicitly suggests as many serious challenges to the open-source models of media, politics and power, which have yet to be answered either by the author, or by history.
Gillmor uses the South Korean example of the newsblog ohmynews.com as a case in point. This successful example of citizen journalism, he argues, might become a model for conventional (read ‘conservative’) news outlets seeking to embrace the web’s bounty of opportunity. Not only did ohmynews develop into a significant countervailing force against the status quo power of established, traditional media outlets, it successfully propelled an underdog candidate to political victory. This suggests, Gillmor implies, that the web plays the heroic role of liberator, unleashing the free expression of the people’s true will from under the oppressive forces of the conventional media.
This is certainly an appealing narrative – and a great plug for ohmynews. But there are some serious issues that are yet to be answered. First, should the promotion of new media opportunities really be characterized as a pitched battle between the progressive forces of the new (citizen journalists, news bloggers, those of ‘get’ the net) vs the conservative forces represented by crusty, old, stenographer-loving hacks? Instead of arming us for a David-and-Goliath style fight-to-the-death, would we not be better off also asking what might be at stake in a movement away from traditional reporting and conventional media business models?
Gillmor points to such questions when he mentions (in passing) that he:
…believe[s] in the mission of journalism and fear that serious investigative reporting will diminish, and perhaps nearly disappear, if big newspapers and other serious outlets wither; what blogger will take on the next Watergate scandal the way The Washington Post did?’
This question – which remains unanswered in this particular section of the book – also leads us to question whether citizen journalists and traditional reporters are actually inherently different roles. Surely a citizen ‘journalist’ is more likely to be a kind of opinion writer, providing short musings on local topics of interest rather than an objective, fact-finding investigator? While this model does not rule out many of the benefits Gillmor identifies with citizen journalism (increased sources, increased coverage, a more active readership and citizenry), it does suggest the need to identify and protect spaces where more traditional (and resource-intensive) kinds of reporting can exist. Which further begs the question of how drawing readers away from traditional (user-pays) media sources toward free and ubiquitous access to the news can support a sustainable business model for media outlets.
Another set of unaddressed questions relate to Gillmor’s enthusiasm about the broad application of the ohmynews model. The author does not seem to have considered how the particular intersection of political, technological and cultural contexts in South Korea may have supported the development and sustainability of this experiment. These conditions may not be application across all times and places. For example, Gillmor’s own frustration that mainstream outlets such as the New York Times and CNN.com have resisted developing blogs has now been proven wrong. However, in Australia (where I’m from) the national political blogging culture is seriously underdeveloped, suggesting a possible correlation between political systems and online participation. To further prove the point that ohmynews may not be applicable across the universe, globalvoicesonline.org reports that its Japanese counterpart closed its doors in late 2008, after two years in operation.
In short, while Gillmor gives us many tangible goals to aim for in incorporating the promise of the web into ‘traditional’ journalistic roles, he is yet to truly demonstrate that we really are the media.
